Market Strategy Analysis on Montgras

Hung-Chang Huang 1467751 Case Questions: MontGras 1. (a) To what extent can MontGras control its own market position, as opposed to being dominated by the country-of-origin effect, and be perceived as a â€Å"Chilean Wine†? MontGras, the export-focused winery that was founded in 1992, unlike many other Chilean wineries, actually possessed a considerable control on its own market position in the late 1990s and early 2000s.Although the overall consumer perception towards Chilean wine products indicated that they need to put more efforts to build a solid image globally and that their major advantage is the low price, the situation might not necessarily hurt MontGras’ current market position if and only if the management the link between the decision to adopt the quality strategy, rather than volume strategy, and the fact that Chilean wine lacked a proper image.By pursuing quality-oriented strategy, MontGras is able to further cultivate its brand awareness as a result of th e success of the ultra-premiums(Ninquen line) and the super-premiums(Reserva line), and to eliminate the inefficient cost spent on the joint effort with Chilevid aimed at building a stronger image for the entire Chilean wine industry.Consequently, the problem of country-of-origin effect was, in fact, not significant enough that hampered MontGras’ marketing position as long as the company is fully understand what the appropriate marketing strategy is and adopt it with regard to different market ecologies of MontGras’ export destinations. (b) What implications does this have for marketing strategy? With the worldwide overproduction of vintages, competitions of wines in all segments were predicted more intense, especially in the basic segment, which traditionally accounted for nearly half of the market share of many countries, and 55% of MontGras’ total product in 2001.This indicates that already saturated basic segment, with the smallest gross profit margin for al l the players within the segment, would become a less and less lucrative red ocean. On the other hand, with the recognition that the country-of-origin effect does not incur severe damage to the company as anticipated, MontGras is able to reallocate its advertising expense through emphasizing on the brand, or on the product lines instead of building a stronger image of country-of-origin that would consume a huge portion of its dvertising expense, but unsure of whether consumers in UK or US would buy their effort. Hence, both the two aforementioned factors might serve as a juncture for MontGras to reassess its business strategy, which could be broken into producing part and marketing part, in order to keep the profitable business for long. 2. Evaluate the US and UK options separately. For each country, which option would you recommend and why? In MontGras’ major export market, UK, the company has already gained a substantial success that it ranked one of the 10 most Chilean win e exporters in terms of the value of products.In this picture, its partner distributor in UK had played an important role in MontGras’ UK penetration since 1996. Considering UK market feature, partner with leading supermarket chains such Tesbury is a comparatively feasible way to expand MontGras’ market share because these chain systems control more than 60% of all wine sales. However, partner with Tesbury is not free from side effects. First, at initial collaboration phase, MontGras enjoyed a short term victory without paying the cost of promotion.But in the future, is it able to reap without paying, or would Tesbury ask for more contribution from MontGras after it become too subservient to the large retail system? Second, partner with Tesbury could well create a supplanting effect that threatens its old partner distributor. Thus, my recommendation for MontGras in UK would be to diversify its distributor partnerships as a way to prevent over dependency, which would so mehow cast uncertainty for MontGras’ positioning strategy in the long term.Also, in order to pave the way for future expansion in premium segment, MontGras should keep records of the new marketing plan for Ninquen wines that if the targeting sales of 5,000 cases can cover the proposed GBP 20,000 and generate profit. In the highly fragmented US wine market, with regulatory three-tier distribution system, MontGras had to tackle business with importers, which are usually state-licensed wholesalers too. In addition, by the four prescribed criteria in choosing a countable partner importer, MontGras should be able to prevent the failures from unsuccessful previous partnerships.The first candidate of its partner distributor, World Wine Importers, a larger player that operated 200 brands with a 60-staff sales force, proposed to promote the Reserva line in a volume-oriented strategy with a price range of $8-$11; Cabo Imports, another candidate that operated 50 brands and a sales force of 35, offered a distinct proposal for MontGras that it intend to raise consumers’ perception towards MontGras’ quality and pric range also to broaden the return for both parties through setting a price range $8-$15, and it also intend to release the Ninquen line as a flagship product targeted a $25 retail price.Although the partnership with World Wine Importers seems more lucrative to MontGras in terms of the sales generated by large amount basis, however, simply adopt the results from simple additive questions is obviously not sagacious enough for Mr. Middleton. In general, Cabo Importers would offer a great stage for Reserva(60% of the total), and the newly released Ninquen as well. Thus, accepting Cabo Importers’ offer would be advantageous for MontGras’ market position in US market.

Applied Managerial Dision Making

Applied Managerial Decision Making MGMT600-1301B-03 Phase 3 individual project Rocklyn Kee Colorado Technical University Online Professor Donald Pratl March 11, 2013 There are 500 employees in the sales force of Company W that are spread out over Southeast, Northeast, West, and Central regions. The company has recently incorporated a new software program in and attempt to monitor how many sales are generated by each employee. It is expected that each month each region should sell the same aamount of products.It has been noted that over the last three months however that this expectation has only been reached by half of the employees in each region. Before a decision can be made on possible theories as to why this is, some statistical testing must be done. Company W knows that there are different techniques that can be used to statistically analyze this issue. The one that we will be discussing here will be non-parametic statistics and hypoyhesis testing along with chi-square distribu tion testing of data. Let us begin by first defining these terms for a better understanding. Hypothesis Testing This is a technique that is applied sequentially by businesses in order to obyain concluions in regard to population utilizing information obtained from a sample. This information is gathered so as to enable a decision to be made as to the acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis by the researcher. The researcher makes a decision on two types of hypotheses the null (Ho) and the alternative (H1). The research is actually done on the null hypothesis, as this is the one that trys to reject the hypothesis statement by proving it to be untrue.The researchers testing end result will do one of two things accept or reject the null hypothesis statement. Should the statement be proving to be untrue and rejected, the alternative hypothesis would in turn then be accepted. CTU Online, (2013) * Non-parametric Statistics This is what is known as an assessment to categorically apply info rmation. The informationcan be ordinal or nominal. The researcher will be allocated to classify information that is presented as qualitative for variables that are nominal, while the researcher will be allocated by ordinal variables th categorize the presented information so it can be ranked.There will be no formulated statements from non-parametric analysis in regard to the information that is presented by the researcher. The ANOVA, (analysis of variation) is a commomlly used method of non-parametric. The researcher does an analysis with the ANOVA to see if there is a differentation among groups, and if the mean of them are the same. With a null hypothesis the ANOVA will determine if the information that has been presented has the same means, while with the alternative hypothesis it will determine if the information has defferent means.CTU Online, (2013) There is a one way method and a two way method for an ANOVA analysis that can be used by the researcher. There is only one factor for the researcher to test for equality of the presented information in the one way method, and the two way mwthod allows for distinguishing if there may be another factor. * Chi-Square Distribution Use Two types of information can typically be generarted when variables have no pattern, categorical or numerical. Researchers’ employ using the chi-square distribution in order to unmask the distinctions and to see if they are independent.Categorical variables are specific variables with no fixed numerical value, and numerical type variables are numerical. In this regard there are question asked like, what type of work do you do, or do you own a vehicle? These types of questions are categorical variables because of the answers which would be for example, construction and yes or no, which are different responses from that of other questions like, what is your weight or what is your GPA? , that are numerical variables. These can be continious or discrete, for instance; how many ho mes do you own? This is discrete.What is you height? This is continious. The counting of particular things is where the discrete data comes, and measuring a particular thing is where the continious data comes. CTU Online, (2013) * Using Chi-Square Analysis There can be a fluctuating in the testin using of the chi-square analysis based on the collected information, such as in this case of the representatives that reached the quotas and those who did not. In relation to the null hypothesis the statement would be, the sales representatives using the new sales software were able to meet their sales quotas vs. he sales representative not using the new sales software where not able to meet their quotas. The null in this statement cannot be proven to be true, because there is no proof that the sales representatives that used the new software were the ones to meet their quotas and the ones not using it where the ones who did not. Theory here is that the null hypothesis is false, and the alt ernative hypothesis is accepted. This means that the same amounts of products were not sold by representatives using the new sales software.To develop statements of truth in regard to issues and problems in order to accurately classify is why researchers do hypothesis testing. The researcher has to have a complete understanding of the question or issue in odere to collect, analyize, and interpret data. A researcher has to analyze different theories statistically in order to be useful in educated business decisions making. Voelz, V. , (2006) References: . CTU Online. (2013). Applied Managerial Decision Making www. ctuonline. edu Voelz, V. , (2006). Hypothesis testing www. standford. edu

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS AND LAW ( A STRATEGY FOR A WATER COMPANY ) Essay

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Various International Monetary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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MacroEconomics in Virginia Beach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MacroEconomics in Virginia Beach - Essay Example Economist and financial analyst determine inflation by finding the difference between the current consumer price index and the previous consumer’s price index (Mankiw, p471). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impacts and causes of hyper inflation in Virginia area. Impacts of Hyperinflation in Virginia Beach Area The impacts of inflation are numerous whereby, its effects are not only felt by individuals but are also felt by the overall economy. Therefore, hyper-inflation refers to an inflation rate that is above 50 percent, this kind of inflation may be attributed to government actions of printing money in order to finance its expenditure. The act of pritinting money by the Federal government causes an increase in the amount of money in circulation. This may consequently leads to an increase in commodity prices (Mankiw, p382-387). Hyper inflation was first experienced in Germany after the First World War when the German government printed money to reconstructs its e conomy. Additionally, hyper-inflation was first witnessed in Zimbabwe between the year 2004 and 2009 (Smith, paras1-6). In above connection, the United State reported a hyper-inflation after the Federal government tried print money with an aim of suppressing the negative impacts of world war one. However, the U.S government has taken measures to mitigate as well as prevent the occurrence of hyper-inflation. Among the measures employed include; setting a federal reserve system (Kimberly, paras4-6). In above connection, Virginia anticipated economic and political down turn as a result of hyper-inflation. Legislators in Virginia were wondering whether the establishment of a common currency across the commonwealth could have acted as a perfect substitute for currencies supplied by the Federal government (Kimberly, paras3-5).Some of the substitute that were to be utilized as money include; Gold and Silver. However, the United States Federal government was against the idea because most of their wealth was tied up in foreign debts. On the other hand, the Virginia commonwealth believed that both political and economic problems were attributed to the impacts of hyper-inflation. The Legislators asserted that the problems of hyper-inflation could have been addressed into two major ways namely; motivating people to buy legal tender attached on silver and gold (Kimberly, paras5-6). In above connection, citizens could be motivated to carry out capital investment. This could have been done by government through reduction of tax burdens attached on to such investment. Additionally, it was recommended that Virginia could set a side some intangible assets in order to hedge risk associated with hyperinflation (Kimberly, para6). Causes of Inflation There are two major cause of inflation namely demand pull inflation and cost push inflation. Demand pull inflation involves persistent increase prices of commodities due to higher demand (Tucker, p284). Several factors may be attribute d to be the causes of demand push inflation, among the factors include; economic growth, anticipation of inflation in the future, government policies such as fiscal policies, advancement in technology. Whereby, economic growth may leads to an increase in demand for goods and services (Kimberly, paras1-3). On the other han

Strategic Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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International Business Strategy for master degree Assignment

International Business Strategy for master degree - Assignment Example The Group is now concentrating on fewer investments after the crisis. The new investments have been made in industries with which they are familiar – such as TV stations in Indonesia. They now focus on strengthening the existing business such as the food and the telecom business. His strategy is to maintain a majority stake in crucial group companies so that the giants do not swallow him up. He is a small player and his future strategy is limited by capital availability. His earlier strategy was to be involved in large number of small businesses. Now he does not want to limit to one or two core businesses. The key competence of the group is flexibility and he wants to capitalize on this. He does not want to be a product-based company but would like to use their expertise and capital in any business that is lucrative. He believes that continuous transformation has to take place. He places more emphasis on contacts rather than on capital to achieve success. Cultural orientation However, sustainable competitive advantage can be build upon strengths. He wants to produce in Australia and sell in China. He does not want to follow the strategies common to the western MNEs. However, selling goods and services to long-distance customers can be challenging. These include language and culture barriers and hence it is always advisable to use local partners. They see enormous potential in China but the business environment differs in China. In the case of this group using local partners is all the more important because the culture of China differs from that of Indonesia and the Indonesian values. As pointed out by Hofstede, accepted management style varies across nations (Stonehouse et al, 2004). When expanding outside the triad countries it is better to have a country-by-country approach in the management of government relations and customer interface (Birkinshaw et al, 2003). The group’s intention of acquiring a pig farm in Australia and engaging in wheat t rading activities is to bring the superior knowledge of farming to less developed Asian economies. This does not appear to be a practical approach to expansion. The company would have to embrace societal differences in culture, processes and systems. Group is not strong in technology. Communications are poor and the final decision lies with Anthony Salim. However, they feel that they can be successful in diverse fields such as retail, food and media because what matters is to understand the consumer trends. Knowing the sector and industry is unimportant. Knowing the consumer and consumer behavior is what matters. Lack of environmental analysis They are trying to enter the retail sector but Carrefour had failed when they tried to expand into other countries within Europe. Since their early ventures failed, they started focusing on emerging economies with a growing urban middle class population. Thus, in any sector meeting local cultural preferences is paramount to success. The proces s of globalization is not smooth and the uncertainties have to be coped with. Salim group’s contention, that understanding consumer trends in any sector is more important, is valid to some extent. However, knowing the industry is equally important. Salim Group should conduct PESTEL analysis before they consider venturing into any nation. Understanding the macro environment is the first step while understanding consumer trends comes later. Other tools such as Porter’

Paper 4 uses at least two quotations from a secondary source found in Essay

Paper 4 uses at least two quotations from a secondary source found in the Literature Resource Center database - Essay Example s to do with motherhood, and mother and daughter relationships, it focuses more on the struggle and necessity for determining one’s own self, in terms of identity and freedom of choice. Olsen’s characters, mother and daughter, depict two people desperately striving to find their ‘self’, independent of each other, and within the realms of a society that continually places expectations on its people, especially women. The narrator embarks on a valuation of her role as a mother, which includes â€Å"her own responsibility, her own failure, and finally her need to reaffirm her own autonomy as a separate human being who cannot be defined solely through her parental role.† (Frye p.130) Emily, the daughter grows from a small sickly, innocuous child and teenager, lacking in self confidence, to a nineteen year old who realizes her ‘self’ through comedy and is finally happy in her ability to make her own choices. The entire story is seen from the narrator’s – the mother’s perspective, wherein she provides a sequential accounting of her past; this past life description is often interrupted by reference to present needs, "Ronnie is calling. He is wet and I change him," (611) which helps to illustrate the never ending work and her responsibilities involved in being a mother and the lack of time for her to even gather her thoughts for a moment, â€Å"†¦and there will be an interruption and I will have to gather it all together again.† (608) The narrator provides an insight into the hardships of motherhood and her plight in having to raise her daughter on her own during the depression, â€Å"I was nineteen. It was pre-relief, pre-WPA world of the depression,† (609) and the inadequacies of child care, â€Å"when she [her daughter] was eight months old I had to leave her †¦ with the woman downstairs,† (609) and â€Å"the only way† she â€Å"could hold a job† (609) was by placing her daughter in an inadequate nursery, but â€Å"it was the only place there was.†

Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome, Self-esteem, and Gender Essay Example for Free

Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome, Self-esteem, and Gender Essay Introduction and Statement of the Problem Life is a continuous process of change and evolution. The only thing constant in this world is change. In order for an individual to grow, he needs to make a sound decision about the changes that he is going to adapt. In life one could not avoid having bad experiences. It is part of growing up and there are also some benefits that one could get from a bad experience; learning what went wrong and avoiding the occurrence of it in the future. However, the way an individual cope up with bad experiences differ from one another. There is no exact formula on how unlikable situations should be handled. There are some who are able to come out of it better but there are some who are being hunted by it. When one tries to suppress his feelings and not let others see what they are truly feeling, sometimes this bottled up emotions causes stress. Flashbacks are memories that we try to hide away. These are like bombs that when are lit up, creates vivid scenario of the emotions that one is trying to avoid. Some are unable to handle it this the lack of control of their emotion leads to different kinds of emotional disorder and one this will be the post-traumatic stress disorder. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a term that first appeared in 1980 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The development of the concept was said to be with socio economic and political implications as to veterans of war. PTSD is one of the psychiatric diagnoses in which a veteran could accept medical compensation. The diagnosis is highly controversial because of the strong connection with compensation seeking behavior and efforts and the uncertainty about the affect of this on objective diagnosis of those who may have been subjected to trauma (Wikipedia, 2006). Stress theory has defined post traumatic disorder as imbalance of chemicals within the neurotransmitters (Wikipedia, 2006). However not everyone who have suffered painful event could be said to have acquired a post traumatic stress syndrome. There are criteria set and look on by clinical psychologist before one could be diagnosed to have one. Examples of the behaviors that should be manifested by a victim would be constant flashback of the tragic or unwanted event, feelings of detachment, insomnia, exaggerated startled response and difficulty in concentrating (Morgan, 1996). Nowadays the term is associated with any anxiety disorder brought about by flood, earthquake, plane crash, rape, assault, accident, fire or any devastating event that could trigger emotional imbalance. Anyone could suffer from PTSD but the most vulnerable are the young and aged because of their less ability to cope with trauma. A recent survey concluded regarding those who suffered from severe burns, 80% of young children experience post traumatic stress 2-3 years after as compared to the 30% of adults. In the United States, it said that 12% of women and 6% of men of experience PTSD sometimes in the course of their lives. The most cases for women are about sexual molestations and about combat war duty for men (Morgan, 1996). A flashback does not only occur to those with emotional problems but also those that are healthy. The number of occurrence and the intensity of the effect of flashback have an effect for it to be called as an abnormal one. It shakes the mind to its core like the experience of an earthquake. They might be parallel to an epileptic seizure wherein there is no telling when it will occur in a person. It could be attributed in a total chaos felt by an individual that may make his head hurt and have his emotion in total chaos. In such a situation, the subject feels depressed and afraid. He or she feels confused, disassociated from reality and suffers from obsessive thoughts centered on the endless effort of easing the fear (Saito, 2006). This results to the person being in a continuous state of fear, worry and anxiousness. These flashbacks trigger more problems in an individual regarding how he interacts in his present situation. There are times that even if an individual diagnosed with post traumatic disorder is said to be clinically healed, there are still instances that flashbacks will plagued him. The difference though will be in the intensity and since a person is said to be clinically healed from post traumatic stress disorder, he knows how to handle and react when situations like this arises (Saito, 2006). Separation by parent could also have a major negative impact on the emotions of children. Domestic violence is a problem in society that is hard to eradicate. This kind of violence also causes trauma. The effect of depression that a child undergoes because of witnessing domestic violence was look upon. Gender differences in self esteem of forty five school children who are within the elementary grade was analyzed for the study. In this study the result shows that boys who have witness domestic violence have lower self esteem than the girls (Reynolds et al, 2001). Bigger percentage of those that were diagnosed with post traumatic stress syndrome is the children. They lack the proper experiences and they are unable to defend themselves when a bad situation arises. They still don’t know how to handle their emotions; they still lack the necessary skills to cope with the stress brought about by a bad incident in their lives. Social Learning Theory formulated by Bandura explains that learning is done by an individual through modeling a behavior that one gets from the environment. Observational language as proposed by this theory encompasses four important components; attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation. This theory has been widely use in the study of psychological disorder and behavior modification. Social learning theory has also been use by some social scientist regarding the relationship between self confidence and the learning process of an individual (Ormrod, 1999). When a person is overly exposed in a negative situation, this triggers an imbalance in his emotions. One quality for a person to be diagnosed with post traumatic stress syndrome will be the feeling of detachment and exaggerated response when startled.   Detachment could be defined as the lack of enthusiasm or a very low motivation about interacting with peers or with the environment. Thus there could be relationship between self-esteem of a child and post traumatic stress syndrome. Self-esteem will be how one person looks at himself; his view about his worth and the qualities that he can offer the world. The feeling of detachment has something to do with the level of self-esteem that a child has. The relationship between self-esteem and post traumatic stress disorder will be look on. This could help parents or guardians, and school administrators in checking the status of the children and thus they could employ a way to help, if it is needed. Since children are still unable to establish their personalities, they are the likely candidate for post-traumatic stress disorder. This study will try to examine the relation of having a post traumatic stress syndrome with the gender of a child. They say that women are more emotional than men; this will hold true for adult individuals but how about for a child who has not yet have the necessary emotions to build his personality, there might be a different case thus a different approach to healing should be employed. Statement of the problem The relation of gender to post traumatic stress disorder will be analyzed. The sample will be middle school children. The study will try to check what gender of a child the most needed help to overcome or avoid post traumatic stress syndrome. The relationship between these variables will be analyzed and recorded to check the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder. How it affects children ages ten to twelve years old will also be look upon. A survey will be utilized to administer the test. The result will be analyzed using regression coefficient test. Research Questions and Hypotheses Hypotheses Self Esteem: H1: There is a relationship between self esteem and PTSD symptoms. Ho: There is no relationship between self esteem and levels of PTSD. Gender: H1: There is a relationship between symptoms of PTSD and gender. Ho: There is no relationship between gender and levels of PTSD Research Question Research Aim: The aim of this research is to show a relationship between self-esteem and gender with level of post traumatic stress disorder that a child experiences. Theoretical construct to be employed will be of social learning theory. The survey from will have questions that are directed will be directed not only with the children but also with the teachers, guardians, parents and friends of the target population that has been said to have experience a traumatic incident and have been diagnosed with a post traumatic stress disorder. Sample Research Question: The names and other personal information regarding the participants will be withheld for their protection. The personal information that will be obtained from them will be their age and gender. Have your child experience a traumatic event in your life? What kind of traumatic event have you been exposed to? When did you experience this traumatic event? How many times do you think you have been exposed to traumatic events? Have you been experiencing constant uncontrollable shaking or heart palpitations? Have you had clinical diagnosis and treatment after the traumatic experience? Did this traumatic event made you change how you deal with other people? Do you find it easy to trust other people now? Are you having problem sleeping at night? Are you having recurrent flashback of the traumatic event that you have experienced? Are you having problems relating your emotions to other people? Did you have problem eating after the painful experience that you have encountered? Do you think your family is giving you enough support in healing the painful experience that you have? Rate your confidence within yourself regarding your emotional capabilities. One being the lowest and ten being the highest. Are you able to focus well on your tasks in school? Do you think you have many or just few friends? Do you think your peers understand you? Are you satisfied with your current status regarding your studies? Are you satisfied with your current status regarding your family? Are you confident about your future, that you will have a good one? Are you able to share the traumatic experience that you have encountered with your friends or family members? How many months before you had felt better after the traumatic event? Definitions of Theoretical Constructs Traumatic events will be defined as an experience that an individual had that causes him to feel emotional disturbances like horror, helplessness and a sense of disrupt equilibrium. Traumatic events could also be marked by an injury to the victim. The injury may be emotional or physical. Some say that a person may be suffering from post traumatic stress disorder if the person’s emotional status will not get better after three months after the incident. This is the threshold month before a person could be said to have an emotional disturbance (CDC, 2005). Self esteem will be the level of confidence that a child has regarding how he can achieve things. This will also be related to how a child interacts with his peers, friends and family members. Self esteem is also how a child sees himself, if he thinks he has good physical attributes, as well as emotional and mental capabilities. Gender is another term for the sexuality of a human being. There will only be two distinction regarding the sexuality of human beings, that will be a person could only be a male or a female. The physical attribute of the person will be the basis for sexuality and not the emotional preference of the child. Social learning theory focuses on how an individual relates to his environment. The way an individual response to different stimuli that has been presented has something to do with the motivations and degree of attention that the person gives to the specific stimuli that has been presented to him. This theory has been employed to better understand aggression and concept of self worth by some individuals. This would be how one sees their worth despite the odds and how they define themselves according to what they have experience. Post traumatic stress disorder is an emotional disturbances cause by negative stimulus that an individual experiences within his environment. Sometimes, too much exposure to this negative stimulus causes a disruption of equilibrium and sometimes the individual will have problem regarding the distinction of what society perceives as right and wrong. Emotional stress might have an affect on the cognitive aspect of an individual. People surrounding an individual who has experience post traumatic stress disorder should keep in mind that they have to help in creating a balance again in the lives of the victims; this could be done by being aware that they need attention and motivation. This could help in making sure that the victim will heal and that his future will not be jeopardize because of a mistake that has harmed him when he was still a child. That is why in the study; those surrounding the children, like teachers, guardians and parents will also be interviewed. The interview with them aims to create an awareness regarding what post traumatic stress disorder is and makes them think about how to help create a better environment for the victims of traumatic events. Research Design A random sample of fifty children age 10-12 will be the target population for the study. The sample will be obtained from three different local schools within the state. Teachers and parents will be interviewed first to check those students who could be use for the sampling. They should be those students who have witness or experience a traumatic event in their life. They may or may not be diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder. The school record of those who will answer the survey will also be checked to. A survey format questionnaire will be given the random sample of fifty children. Ratio of the number of male and female population will also be recorded. The statistical test that will be use to interpret the survey will be regression coefficient of beta and the statistical measure will employ the F test or F equals t-squared. Ancova will be the program to be use to help diagnose the coefficients of the result of the survey. Contributions Self-concept on the other hand for me is a person’s ability to relate them to what they are trying to learn. This means having a clear notion of how one could learn not only by the aid of mentors but also on how we would help ourselves to learn new concepts that are being presented to us. In life there will be instances that a person’s self concept may be put into jeopardize when a person, specially a child, experiences a traumatic event in his life. There could problems regarding how he will interpret the new things that are being presented to him after the traumatic event. A better understanding of what a child goes through after a painful experience will help understand the trauma and stress that is being experienced. This could aid on the right approach that should be employed to make sure that the emotional and intellectual growth of a child is not hampered but he was able to learn and get the lesson in the bad thing that has happened to him. This could also help parents, teachers and guardians by having a correct awareness about post traumatic stress disorder and its effect to their children. It is hoping that after those surrounding the child who is a victim of a traumatic event; they will do the necessary assessment and intervention needed to create an equilibrium within the victim’s emotions. That since they will have better understanding, they will have greater patience to the child if it is showing negative attitudes because of their traumatic experience. That they will give him more motivation to heal himself from the pain that he is experiencing. Life is never easy, painful experiences are part of one’s life but proper knowledge on how to handle these pains will be beneficial on coping with changes and making sure that children grow up healthy, physically and mentally. Reference: Department of Heath and Human Services. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (2005). Coping with a Traumatic Event. Retrieved September 26, 2006 from http://www.bt.cdc.gov/masscasualties/copingpub.asp Elklit, A. (2002). Victimization and PTSD in a Danish National Youth Probability Sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 41(2):174-181, February 2002. Lippincott Williams Wilkins Kurtz, Linda. (1995). A Coping Processes and Behavioral Outcomes in Children of Divorce . University of Alberta. Canadian Journal of School Psychology .Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 1995. Morgan, Barbara J. (1996). Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. p343. Guide to Medical Cures and Treatments, The Reader’s Digest Association Inc. Pleasantville New York, Montreal. Motta, Robert. (1995). Childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Schools. Hofstra University. Canadian Journal of School Psychology .Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 1995. Ormrod, J.E. (1999). Human learning (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Reynolds et al. (2001). The relationship between gender, depression, and self-esteem in children who have witnessed domestic violence. Loyola College of Maryland, Baltimore, USA. MedLine Publication. Saito. (2006). The Best Way to Cure Anxiety Disorder. Saito Therapy. Retrieved September 26, 2006 from http://healmind.com/saitotherapy/flbgraphstt.htm Wikipedia. (2006). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Retrieved September 26, 2006 from . http://www.answers.com/topic/post-traumatic stress disorder.

A Rose for Emily Essay Example for Free

A Rose for Emily Essay Decay is found in numerous parts of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. The image pattern works its way from Emily’s mind to the inside of her lover, Homer Barron’s, resting chamber. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† you find five major elements of decay. The first element of decay that is found in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the decaying of Emily’s mental state. Emily may have felt trapped because her father wouldn’t allow any male suitors to visit her, so when her father died she likely felt she should trap his body and not bury it as revenge because he wasted her youthful potential for love and an independent life. Emily’s denial of her father’s death expands the theme of death because she traps herself home unwilling to allow the change of death to affect her lifestyle. Another element of decay that is found in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is after the death of her father Emily allows the house to decay and become an eyesore, as the town’s people described it. Not only did the school look decrepit in a town that was embracing modernization but it also reeked of death and decay as well. Emily didn’t accept the theme of change because she seemed to live comfortably in the decay. She also wouldn’t accept the town’s people’s wants to modernize how the town looked by putting numbers above her door. Since Emily was living in a standstill in the period in which she grew up in, she never changed the interior of her house so she left all the furniture that was at one time very sophisticated go to waste and decay (Teen Ink). After her father and lover’s death, Emily let the decay continue to take its toll on her life by allowing her physical condition to decay. Emily at one time was one of the most sought after women with her slender body, angelic features, and her white attire. When she let the decay take over her personal hygiene and physical appearance she had traded in all those great looks for a heavy set figure, her dark eyes, and her grim black attire. When Emily let her physical appearance go she also enhanced the theme of decay and how time changes the body. Not only does the element of decay take over Emily’s mind, house, and body, it also deteriorates her social standing in the town. Town’s people once viewed her as a promising woman who would surely succeed in the future. Now she was thought of as a crazy suicidal woman (Teen Ink). In her reality Emily remains proud and doesn’t recognize the fact that she has fallen from the aristocratic social status that she once was in before the death of her father. This element of decay helps expand the theme into a fall from a notable social standing or rank of power. The last and major climatic element of decay was after Emily’s funeral the town’s people opened the abandoned room in the middle of the house and found the remnants of her lover in bed. She had clearly been lying beside Homer Barron’s corpse for thirty years due to the evidence of the long strand of iron gray hair found on the pillow beside his (Faulkner). The decay isn’t just upon poor Homer Barron but is also noted on everything in the room. The town’s people see the effects of decay in the rose colored room with dust blanketing everything and the tarnishing of the monograms on the silver toiletries placed in the room that appeared to be suited for a bridal suite as if it were an eerie dream. This element of decay enhanced the theme of Emily’s sad tragic life. There is also a surprising twist in this short story that would make any reader curious. The Negro servant, Tobe is the only one to escape the house of decay unscathed. As quoted by Faulkner, â€Å"He walked through the house and out the back and was not seen again†. After being trapped into servitude to Emily’s family for the majority of his life, he escapes the house of decay and goes on to live his life free of Emily and all her secrets. All the present elements of decay in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† show that the theme isn’t simply limited to that of change or death but it is very broad and can be interpreted and perceived in many ways according to the reader’s thoughts and views. Faulkner plays the element of sweet, sickening decay in every aspect of this short story to enhance each theme. Emily Grierson’s comfort in decay grew when her father passed and ultimately lead to the demise of her home, her mind, her body, as well as the demise of her lover Homer Barron.

Baby Abandonment in Malaysia

Baby Abandonment in Malaysia The problem of abandonment of babies that has become more serious over the years with more and more babies is being abandoned in our country. According to Syed Zahar, 2010, on Valentines Day, charred remains of a baby, believed to be a few days old, and was found in a rubbish bin in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. On March 21, a newborn baby girl was found abandoned in the rubbish dump of a shopping mall in Ipoh, Perak. Then on March 26,ÂÂ  a day-old infant was found dead in Kampung Melayu Subang. The latest data from the police showed that 65 babies have been dumped this year alone, 26 of them boys, 25 girls and the other 14 being foetuses. This brings the total to 472 cases since 2005, in more than half of which, or 258, the babies were found dead in our country and a total of 79 cases were reported on last year (The Star online, 2010). Official statistics reveal an average of 100 cases annually but these figures do not include abandoned babies who died after being abandoned or those ba bies that disposed off without a trace. So, this issue deserves urgent attention by everyone before it goes out of hand. In our opinion, government should play an important role as to reduce the cases of abandoned babies by classify the abandoned baby cases as murder and attempted murder or enforced the law in our country. Those responsible for babies who die would be investigated for murder while abandoned babies found alive would be classified and investigated as attempted murder. Police should investigate and use modern technique such as the DNA test to identify the parents of the abandoned baby. Besides, police should also set up a special squad if they need to probe cases of abandoned newborn babies so as to track down the suspects swiftly. According to The Star on 17 August 2010, there is an 18-year-old factory worker and his 17-year-old girlfriend in Malacca became the first couple in the country to be charged under the Penal Code for baby dumping. The couple pleaded guilty to the offence, which carries a maximum sentence of seven years jail, a fine or both. This is the only way to bring those r esponsible for the death of a baby to justice. Many cases involving baby-dumping could not be resolved fast because of lack of information and expressed the need for public cooperation to help police to solve the cases. So, as a citizen in our country, it is now the time for the society had to be a busybody, especially in matters pertaining to social problems. An NGO in Malaysia has opened the countrys first baby hatch for rescuing unwanted newborns as authorities battle increasing cases of abandoned babies (VR Sreeraman, 2010). A BABY hatch is a place where an unwanted child might be left anonymously by parents. The hatch has a small door which a mother can open and place her baby on an incubator bed. Once the door is closed an alarm bell will alert the NGOs staff to the babys presence, after the mother has left. Although the baby hatch helps to avoid newborn babies being abandoned at the roadside or in a rubbish dump, but many people feel that it seems to encourage pre-marital sex. However, the aim of the baby hatch is to discourage women, especially young unwed mothers, from abandoning their newborn and instead have them placed with caring parents. According The Star newspaper, the baby boy abandoned at the baby hatch on 27 June 2010 has been adopted. The baby hatch, set up on May 29 by OrphanCARE, received its first baby on June 27 whe n an unmarried couple in their early 20s left the newborn there. With the establishment of the baby hatch, government hoped there would be a reduction in the number of babies being dumped. Besides that, NGO plans to place baby cots where mothers can leave their unwanted babies anonymously to save abandoned babies. Unlike the baby hatch, that the baby cots, which would be located at the premises of NGOs, were merely a place for women to place their unwanted babies. The baby cots would most likely be made of wood and designed with an umbrella-like shade to keep out crows and protect the child from the blistering heat. Once a baby is dropped in a cot, the NGO concerned would alert and contact the police and the welfare department. This objective is to protect the abandoned babies lives. Nowadays, cases of baby abandonment usually results from unwanted pregnancies. So, educating youths on the risk of having sex, especially unprotected sex are needed. Sex education should include in our school syllabus, not just implemented as a brief part of other subject like biology, moral and physical education, but as a subject on its own. From the many cases as we know, it was found that many youths did not know their own bodies. Some did not even know that they will get pregnant if they have sex. So, these provide the authorities with a good reason that it is time we had sex education in our schools as one of the subject. Knowledge is power and sex education is not about free sex. Sex education is about giving our children informed choices. Sex education will teach the child about his or her body, changes to the body at puberty, hormones, how to form stable meaningful relationships, responsible relationships, unprotected sex, consequences of having sex and how to say no'(Mariam Mokhtar, 2010). Awareness and education on sexual health will play a vital role in helping to reduce the number of unplanned pregnancies and cases of abandoned babies. Besides, Government or non-governmental organization should provide shelter homes for pregnant unwed girls and unwed mothers to solve the problem of abandoned of babies that has become more serious in our country. Basically a young mother would abandon her baby because she is afraid. She does not wantÂÂ  to keep her baby and she just wants someone to take it, keep it safe, and make sure it gets a good home because she might be unmarried. Because of this, the welfare department officers will be on 24-hours standby to help those having such problems and give them counselling. They should also take the initiatives to identify cases of unwanted pregnancies in their respective areas and provide assistance to the mothers to prevent them from abandoning their babies. While caution need to be taken in implementing any measure as not to encourage young girls to be involved in sexual relationship before marriage, it is equally important to ensure that those who have already crossed the li ne do not shy away from seeking help and doing the right thing. Most cases of abandoned babies were due to weak family institutions and where the responsibility of bringing up a child was left to other parties. So, parents and family members are actually also playing an important role to prevent the unwanted pregnancies so that it will not becoming rampant in our country. Most of the parents in our country are full time workers that force them to spend about 10 hours out of their house per day. As a result, most of their children are abandoning of love and time by their parents. Their parents are too busy with their work and career development. This situation can cause lack of time between the family members. In relation to that their children tend to find others affection among their peers. It can contribute to their feeling in trying new things such as find someone who loves them or having sex with their partner. When parents come to know of their children are pregnant before they had married they will blame the whole world instead of helping t hem and providing the necessary support to them. Parents or family members should not blaming others if their children became pregnant or gave birth to babies conceived out of wedlock but take the necessary steps to support them in times of distress. As you all know, raising a baby as a young teenager is already tough but dealing with the stigma will let the parents and the child feel more pressure. This is why counselling from social agencies do their big part in helping these women deal with the discrimination. In our point of view, teacher should teach young people commit to abstaining from sex until marriage to avoid unwanted pregnancies through education because people also believe that it is morally wrong for the people to have sex before they are married. Since sex is one of the natural force that one cannot resist, as human being we can resist having sex at the wrong time or we should use the effective contraception to avoid unwanted pregnancies. The use of effective contraception, such as the oral contraceptive pill and condom not only reduce the risk of getting unwanted pregnancies but also reduced the rate of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome) infection. We may not be able to stop our teenagers from having sex before marriage, but we can at least tell them about responsibilities and consequences of having unprotected sex before married. Government and non-governmental organization should also set up a special school for pregnant teenagers to let them complete their education to ensure a better future for them. They should not be alienated and left feeling as if they have been excluded from the society when they got pregnant. The school will also take care of the needs of pregnant teens and this, indirectly, will rid of negative perception against them. Arguments that say setting up such school or the baby hatch would encourage teenagers to be involved in premarital sexual activities should be considered, but we should look at this by taking into consideration that it is already happening, baby dumping has already happened. So what is wrong with setting up the school to give them a venue, a place for them to seek help and save themselves from being trapped in the cycle further. I think we have to give them a second chance, which is more important. The reality is that it is already happening and we need to take action to address the problem, otherwise we will lose young individuals who could contribute to our country. Last but not least, another way to overcome abandoned babies is to create awareness through media. Every country should have a common reminder to their citizen by advertising through any sorts of media whether it is newspaper, television, radio and etc. The citizen will also be educated not only through school but also through media. Media plays a huge part in creating awareness and by doing so it could help to minimize the rate of abandoned babies in the future. People who are not educated are the main problem to this cause because they dont know the value of a new born life and abandoned the baby for the sake of themselves. Through media can also promote ways to handle unwanted babies rather than abandoned them on valleys or dustbins. The role of media is essential because it can deliver a message throughout the nation in a split second and at the same time a lot of people will receive their message at once. Media is the best and fastest way to promote or create awareness among oth er roles. Media serve as a constant reminder to people about how to react and prevent abandoned babies happening and to also promote alternative to donate the babies rather than to leave at somewhere and let the baby die off. In other ways of it is cruel to deal with the issue that way and the babies is paying the price for the mistake their adult are making. That is wrong because there are still so many ways to handle things and people prefer to handle things the wrong way to protect their dignity and to cover the shameful things that has happen to them. There is no dignity left for those who their abandoned babies in dark alleys so why care to protect them? Baby dumping has become a hot topic with newspapers highlighting new cases almost every day. We think that, in solving the issue of abandoned babies, the main goal should be towards creatingÂÂ  awareness among youths that abandoning of babies is not the easiest way out. We have to let them know there are places and people that can provide help and its also these NGOs duty to reach out to those going through unwanted pregnancies. Society too should play their part by understanding the problem and not discriminate unwed mothers. Accidents happen and human make mistakes are no way to redress an initial oversight. In conclusion, lets hope morals of the people in this country not deteriorate as we take this road towards achieving the status of a developed nation. After all, its not much use in having a first-world infrastructure and system when the citizens are still in a third-world state of mind.

Essay --

Rock & Roll Singer "My goal is to be remembered as a human being and as a great performer" (Scalia). Bobby Darin, born Walden Robert Cassotto on May 14th 1936 and later died on December 20th 1973 at the age of 37. Darin was an American singer, songwriter, and actor of film and television. He was the son of an Italian-born cabinet maker in Bronx, New York. He had a normal childhood as many did and was backed with a loving family who supported and encouraged his every musical move. As a child he suffered something called severe rheumatic fever, which is inflammatory disease that may develop as a complication of a streptococcus infection. It is often similar to Strep throat or scarlet fever. This caused him to be much protected in his life and helped him strive to be as successful as he could be with the short life that he had. Later in life he found out that the people he grew up thinking were his parents were in fact not, his mom was the his sister and his ‘parents’ were actually his grandp arents, he never found out who his father was. Although he had many complications that did not stop him from following his dream. Darin was well versed and spread out with the many instruments that he played. He started out playing in a band in high school and later landed at job at Catskills resort with his band for the summer. After High school he enrolled at Hunter College where he started his professional music career writing songs for the Aldon Music label. â€Å"After scratching out an existence as a commercial-jingle composer, he changed his name to Bobby Darin, and became a professional singer in 1956† (Scalia).That is when he signed for own first record contract with Atco. â€Å"While writing songs, Darin met singer Connie Francis, and he help... ...73. Darin had suffered from rheumatic fever as a child. He had always suffered from heart problems and they finally started to catch up with him. â€Å"†¦suffering a minor heart attack in January 1971, but he went on to enjoy roles in 'Ironside' (1971) and 'Night Gallery' in 1972 before making what would be his final appearance in 'Happy Mother's Day, Love George' in 1973† (Bobby Darin Biography). On December 11, 1973, he was admitted to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles to get repairs to artificial heart valves that had previously been implanted. Even though his time was cut short his music still lived on appearing in numerous films and movie soundtracks, including Goodfellas, American Beauty and The Sopranos. Darin’s life story was brought to the big screen in ‘Beyond the Sea in 2004’. Bobby Darin was in the process of making a comeback when he died in 1973.

The Third Bank of the River Essay -- Third Bank of the River

The Third Bank of the River      Ã‚  Ã‚   Confusion, embarrassment, and guilt can all be found throughout Joà £o Guimarà £es Rosa's short story "The Third Bank of the River." Rosa forces the reader to analyze his words and delve deeply into the hidden meanings behind them. Upon first glance, a story unfolds of a father who seemingly abandons his family and chooses to live out the remainder of his life rowing a small boat back and forth along a river. There are circumstances leading up to this behavior, which new insight to the author's psychological meaning.    The story develops through the narration of one of the children in the family. His recollection of the days which lead to his father's absence brings a clear image of the family structure he knew when he was a child. The narrator describes his father as "dutiful, orderly," and "straightforward"(200). He is quick to point out, however, who has the final say in the household: "It was mother, not father, who ruled the house" (200). When the father decides to order a boat, made specifically for him, the mother "carriedon plenty about it" (200). When the boat arrives, the father says goodbye to all, and the children expect their mother to carry on about this, but her reaction is mixed. The effectiveness of her orders to her husband, "If you go away, stay away. Don't ever come back," is weakened as she bites her lip and turns very pale. Her authority is reduced further when her son follows his father to the river, feeling "bold and exhilarated" because he risks the wrath of his mother and wins (200). The child feels so vindicated by his rebellious actions that he asks to accompany his father in the boat. However, his father gestures to him to return, and r... ...the son, the father is nothing, and without the father, the son is nothing.    A riverbank can be found where two worlds, earth and water, connect. Any river will have two banks, one on either side of the water. Rosa has created a character who has found a "third bank on the river," a third way to separate land from the sea. This bank belongs to an entirely different world. Rosa has found a way for the father to exist, yet not exist, within the family. He is connected to his family and weighs heavily upon their minds even though he is a part of an entirely different world. He has discovered this link by establishing a "third bank of the river."    Work Cited Rosa, Joà £o Gumarà £es. "The Third Bank of the River." Trans. William Grossman. Angles of Vision. Ed. Arthur W. Biddle and Toby Fulwiler.   New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. 200-203.

Demostration Speech: Salsa Dancing

Presentational Communication Dr. Whalen Demonstration Speech: Latin Dancing *General Purpose: To Inform *Specific Purpose: To inform others about the culture of Salsa Dancing and the basic steps to this dance. *Central Idea: The main steps in salsa dancing are mainly to have good eye and feet coordination with your partner. Hola amigos, como estan todos? How many of you have ever been at a lounge or club in DC, heard a song similar to this? Play snippet of music (10 seconds) and wondered what kind of music that is or how to dance with it? Well that mis amigos is called Salsa.Salsa has been an important type of dance in my family since I was a little kid. Every since I could walk, my uncle would always grab my cousins and I and teach us the basic moves. As we got older we took classes with a good family friend and at the Salsa Club in VA. It’s something that brings my family and I together and is precious to our hearts. Today I’ll be discussing the history of salsa, some of the benefits, and demonstrate how to dance this popular Latin dance. Introduction 1. Originated in the 1920’s, Salsa is one of the oldest and most popular styles of Latin dancing.It combines many Spanish-derived and Afro-Cuban elements, which gives it’s a bit more excitement. Salsa is similar to Mambo in that both have a pattern of six steps danced over eight counts of music. Contra-Danze (Country Dance) of England/France, later called Danzon, was brought by the French who fled from Haiti, which later began to mix itself with Rhumbas of African origin. Son, of the Cuban people, was a mixture of the Spanish sonero and the African drumbeats. Flavora and a partner dance flowered to the beat of the clave. (Bartch) 2. According to livestrong. om, you can burn up to 500 calories with this one type of dance. it helps you develop stronger postures and boost your confidence. 3. According to fitday. com, salsa dancing has great health benefits such as improving cardiovascula r fitness and endurance as well as strength, balance, coordination, and muscle toning 4. salsabeat. com also states that one benefit of salsa dancing from a social perspective is the development of new social relationships. Okay so now we’ll get into the fun stuff†¦.. Body 1. first you want to make sure you have comfortable clothing and shoes.In many Latin American countries the women wear dresses with low heels, unless your advance I would recommend you wear leggings with low heels. *After you have dressed comfortably†¦ 2. You want to grab a partner. You want to make sure you partner is the right height, ladies you don’t want a man who is shorter, then you, it wouldn’t be very comfortable. *After you have grabbed your partner†¦ 3. You want to stand straight in a centered position. Once you are in a straight centered position, ladies take the lead†¦place your right hand on his left shoulder; men place your left hand on her waist and your righ t hand on her shoulder. Once you have placed your hands where they belong†¦ 4. The music will start to play†¦men take your right leg and move it forward, ladies as his right leg starts to move forward you’ll want to take your left leg backwards, count 1 2 3 and add in a little move with your hips. 5. Come back to a centered straight position and repeat the steps with your other leg. 6. Once you get the hang of a couple steps you can add in some turns to give the routine some more flavor. Make sure you keep up with the beat; salsa can be tricky at times so always listen carefully to the beat. 7.Finally you’ll want to practice a few times and show of your new dance moves. Conclusion In conclusion, I hope you all have learned and enjoyed learning some basic salsa moves, which includes the basic front to back, moving the hips and turns. Not only is salsa a good exercise for your legs, because trust me you will feel the burn after dancing for hours, but it’ s also a good way to expand your culture horizons. The next time you want to go to dancing, try going somewhere where Latin music is played so you can show off your sweet new moves and be the life of the party.

A Theorist in Management: Henry Mintzberg Essay

Henry Mintzberg can be described as a guru of management and business studies including managerial and national culture, organization and structure, strategy and planning. He was born in 1939 and since 1968 has been teaching in McGill University in Montrà ©al. Henry Mintzberg is the author of thirteen books including â€Å"The Nature of Managerial Work† (1973), â€Å"Structure in 5’s: Designing Effective Organization† (1983), â€Å"The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning† (1994), â€Å"Strategy Bites Back† (2005), etc. Also, Henry Mintzberg is the author of more than 140 articles and twice winner of the McKinsey Award (Witzel, 2003). Most of his theories, Henry Mintzberg has based on human approach to management. During 1970s, Henry Mintzberg made extensive surveys of existing research and integrated those findings with his own studies of five chief executive officers in his attempts to find how managers spend their time and perform their work. The results were interesting and help the understanding of the nature of the man ­agerial task. In â€Å"The Nature of Managerial Work† Mintzberg singles out three managerial roles: interpersonal, Informational and decisional. A manager’s interpersonal roles include that of a figurehead, performing cere ­monial duties. Mintzberg thought that this was possibly the most important and classified this aspect into three roles – role of â€Å"disseminator†, company representative or â€Å"spokesman† role, and â€Å"monitor† role. A manager’s decisional roles can be of four types: as an entrepreneur – to launch a new idea; as a disturbance handler; as a resource allocator – choosing from among competing demands for money, equipment, personnel and management time; as a negotiator (Witzel, 2003). Also, Mintzberg highlights the changing, uncertain environment in which the manager operates and the importance of organizational structure. According to Henry Mintzberg, the organizations can be based on: simple structure; machine bureaucracy; professional bureaucracy; divisional zed form; adhocracy.  In â€Å"The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning† Mintzberg has proposed new vision of â€Å"strategy† underlining the importance of: processes, data and detachment in planning. Also, Mintzberg criticizes formalization as the main mistake and drawback of modern management. References Witzel, M. (2003) Fifty Key Figures in Management. New York: Routledge.

Determinism and the benefits of Taylor’s theory Essay

In Metaphysics Richard Taylor outlines the different views on the concept of freedom. The traditional view is that of the compatibilists which states that freedom is the ability to act, or not to act, according to the determinations of the will. It is so defined to make it compatible with the theory of determinism, which essentially states that all actions have a causal explanation due to the state of the world in the moment previous. However, the definition is clearly inadequate due to the fundamental flaws of determinism and its failure to account for deliberation or personal choice. A superior alternative is offered by what Taylor calls the theory of agency, but is more commonly known as libertarianism. In discussing a theory one must start with some data in order to prove the validity of the theory, and in discussing determinism this is no different. Two suitable criteria dealing with the decision making process are: firstly that we at times deliberate with the view of making a decision , and secondly regardless of whether I deliberate I sometimes have a personal choice in the decision making process. These criteria are ideal because they are both things that we as individuals are fairly certain of so any acceptable theory must account for them in some way. For common sense, a virtue in argumentation, suggests that it is easier to accept the veracity of partial self-determination in the decision making process than an abstract philosophical theory. To asses the applicability of the data to determinism a more in depth examination of determinism is needed, which Taylor defines as having three tenets: Firstly, that the theory of determinism is true. Secondly, that voluntary behaviour is free unless constrained, and finally that causes of voluntary behaviour are certain states, condition, decisions, and desires. The principle problem of determinism is precisely this last tenet, for what are the causes of the inner states that cause my actions? Where do they come from? Are they under my control? If determinism is true then the problem of infinite causality arises for the causes of the actions must themselves have causes. When applied to the two original data the infinite causality of determinism  renders these data false. Take deliberation as an example. I can deliberate only about future actions, but there are always causes to everything I do making the outcome of the deliberation inevitable and the process itself irrelevant. The incompatibility of determinism and deliberation does not bode well for the second datum, as if I am to have a personal choice in an action then I must be able to concretely execute any of the options associated with the action. But if determinism is true there can again only be one option due to the chain of causes thus negating the option of personal choice. A better theory, one that incorporates these two essential data is what Taylor calls the theory of agency, but is more commonly known as libertarianism, which postulates that human beings are frequently, but not always, self-determining beings. To further understand the theory of agency and thus its advantages it is first necessary to examine how it deals with the causation of actions. If an individual is relatively free in his decision making it follows that the individual agent can be considered a cause for the resulting action. For example, if I move my hand then the obvious cause of the motion is me and not some infinite series of causes. The lack of such a sequence of causes, unlike the one put forward by determinism, is an advantage for it allows the theory of agency to be rid of the problems of determinism discussed above. Moreover this allows libertarianism to incorporate the two criteria originally put forth. Under libertarianism deliberation becomes not just possible, but quite logical as it makes sense to ponder a matter over which I have control of the outcome. Then obviously, if I am at least a partially self-determining entity then I have a fair amount of personal choice in what course of action I should pursue. Aside from avoiding the problems of determinism, perhaps libertarianism’s greatest advantage is its common sense appeal. For example, if I am considering whether to order a Big Mac for lunch or a McChicken, it makes much more sense to me that through deliberation I can choose which sandwich I would like to eat, rather than the existence of some infinite chain of events that pre-determines that I will eat a Big Mac. It is of course necessary to acknowledge that common sense and simplicity are not absolute truths, but as Bertrand Russell wrote, in support of common sense,  in The Problems of Philosophy, â€Å"Since this belief [in the existence of physical objects] does not lead to any difficulties, but on the contrary tends to simplify and systemize our account of our experiences, there seems no good reason for rejecting it.† (Russell, 24) While Russell was addressing another problem the logic of common sense he applied most definitely applies to the case at hand as well. As a concluding argument in favour of libertarianism consider, the very fact of reading and grading this essay. If determinism were true then this essay’s grade would have long been pre-determined by a series of causes stretching back to before its very creation thus rendering useless the whole process. Texts Cited Russell, B. Problems of Philosophy. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997. Taylor, R. Metaphysics. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993

Marketing Mini Stories

Several years ago I had a friend who worked for a Hilton hotel. At the time, fitness and low calorie or high protein meals were popular trends and a concern of travelers. Hilton, as well as other hotel chains, produced a marketing concept to address the needs of guests traveling for business by ensuring that each franchise provided a â€Å"fitness kit† which could be delivered up to a guestroom. Developed by Bally Total Fitness, it contained a yoga mat, hand weights, and an exercise band. Or, if the guest requested it, a treadmill could be delivered for use in the guestroom. The food & beverage outlets in each franchise hotel also had to undergo a change of menu to accommodate this marketing concept. The Hilton Eat Right program required low-fat and low-calorie meals such as seared tuna with a salad be added to the menu. My friend wasn’t too happy about having to provide these extra services, but guests of the hotel seemed to like it. I ate dinner in a rather upscale restaurant recently. Since I’ve worked in a restaurant before, I tend to notice the little things on the table that other patrons might ignore. At this restaurant, the table was set with linen napkins, and nice silverware, the usual condiments, etc. and in the middle of the table was a tent card advertising the â€Å"wine of the month†, which was a Kendall-Jackson Chardonnay. Knowing how distribution channels in the food & beverage industry work, I immediately surmsied the tent card was the result of promotions from a marketing intermediary. The alcohol wholesaler buys directly from the manufacturer, such as Kendall-Jackson, and then markets the product to the retailer, in this case the restaurant. The restaurant itself was also functioning as a marketing intermediary by placing the tent cards on the table and incentivizing servers to offer their â€Å"wine of the month†, which was probably purchased at a reduced price. The last time I moved to a new house, some of the items I needed to consider buying were cable television, telephone service and the access to the Internet through an Internet service provider. While my choice of company was limited, I realized that all companies advertising such items had begun to take a systems selling approach to offering packaged services. For instance, Qwest, traditionally known as the provider of telephone service, has branched out to include Internet access as well as teamed up with DirecTV for satellite television service. By using systems selling, Qwest has greatly increased its income potential. By partnering with DirecTV, Qwest does not need to produce the components for satellite television themselves, but can rely on its partner for inventory control and production. Since most customers wish to purchase all these items, especially when moving to a new location, the decision to package them all together makes perfect sense and the bundled price appealed to me. My friend that worked at the Hilton hotel made me aware of a fact I previously didn’t know – hotels continually use marketing segmentation to keep their guestrooms full. After being informed of this approach, it made shopping for a hotel room for my last vacation a different sort of venture. Knowing that a resort hotel targets one market – leisure travelers – on the weekend and another market – business travelers – during the week when occupancy levels are lower, I opted to plan my vacation over the course of a week rather than choose a weekend stay, when rates would be higher. By using marketing segmentation, most hotels offers specific packages aimed at each different market. The resort hotel I chose last spring had a special midweek package consisting of the guestroom plus breakfast and two tickets to a local amusement park at an attractive price. By targeting my market segment of leisure travel during days when the hotel typically wouldn’t be full, the hotel was able to gain revenue not normally expected. When it comes to brand, McDonald’s has this concept firmly in place. A friend and I went to McDonald’s just last week to buy a quick lunch and we were inundated with their brand, image, and logo. The golden arches outside the place themselves are part of the brand and this symbol appears on everything – from the hamburger wrapper of the Big Mac I ordered, to the cup holding my soft drink, to the menu displayed behind the order counter. As well, brand is incorporated in more subtle ways. The colors of yellow and red are seen throughout and many of the shapes inside the restaurant – from the seating to the kid’s play area – are reminiscent of an â€Å"m†. After leaving McDonald’s we stopped at a Dairy Queen to order ice cream for dessert. Walking into that restaurant made me even more aware of how pervasive McDonald’s brand presence is; there is no way McDonald’s products could be mistaken for those at Dairy Queen. That same upscale restaurant I’d eaten dinner in recently had a section reserved for bar patrons. Since there was a bit of wait before my friend and I could be seated, we passed the time at the bar having a beer and munching on a snack mix in a bowl on the table. It was really very tasty – a mix of crunchy squares and peanuts and spicy sesame pieces. I inquired of the bartender where I could purchase the same mix being served in the restaurant and he replied that it was available only wholesale. If I wanted to buy some of the snack mix for myself, I would have to find someone who worked for a wholesaler to order it for me as it was not an item I could buy in a retail store. Of course this made sense – why would I want to return to the bar and sit there to munch on the snack mix if I could buy it and eat in the privacy of my own home? Some time ago, I realized the value of public relations. As a consumer, it’s sometimes not enough incentive to patronize a company that offers good products at a low price; sometimes it is also how the company responds to bad press that influences my buying decision. At the time I was living in a town with a Wal-Mart and not much else in the way of available stores. There was a story I’d read in the newspaper regarding a customer of the local Wal-Mart who had gone into a rest room at the store and not come back out several hours later. The customer’s wife was frantic with worry and she contacted the store to help her locate her husband. The man was found, dead as the result of complications from a medical condition, in the rest room stall after a search was performed. However, it was the direct result of Wal-Mart’s ineffective public relations department that caused further problems as they refused to take any responsibility or even offer an apology to the customer’s wife for the incident. Because Wal-Mart doesn’t present a caring attitude towards their customers, I will think twice before shopping there again. E-marketing is big business these days. I happen to know an author who broke into the writing business as a result of her book being contracted with an e-publisher. Because she gets excited by this opportunity, I’ve often listened to her ideas for promotion, which include a great deal of e-marketing. According to my friend, these days, an author does not need to go to a bookstore and set up a book signing to promote her book, instead she can schedule a â€Å"virtual book tour† in which she makes appearances on several blog sites and answers questions about her and the book. Another form of e-marketing she uses is to be involved with readers’ forums whereby she can promote her book by posting online excerpts and talking it up with readers. This type of marketing can also include personal pages on websites such as My Space and Facebook and results in the ability to market from her own home. My mother is a big collector of Coca-Cola products. Her kitchen is filled with items bearing the Coca-Cola logo, in all its various forms – from dish towels to plates to banks, clocks, playing cards, etc. While some of the items are antiques, many of them were bought brand new from retail stores. It was when I was shopping for a Christmas present for my mother that I became aware of just how widely Coca-Cola products are licensed. Gibson is one manufacturer that is licensed to produce dishes and kitchen ware bearing the Coca-Cola logo, while additional companies are also allowed to produce different items, such as straw dispensers and napkin holders, with the distinctive colors and logo. Through this wide distribution of licensing agreements, Coca-Cola has certainly increased revenues incrementally. I watched the Super Bowl this year with a group of friends. Although I wasn’t particularly interested in either team playing, I was interested in the advertising during commercial breaks. Having previously read some of the buzz surrounding the company Go Daddy, I was aware of its past troubles producing a commercial which would appease the television censors. Go Daddy’s approach this year was an excellent example of innovative marketing. Not only does the company depend on the buzz from its commercials not being accepted by the censor boards, it decided this year to post the rejected commercial on its website. The Super Bowl commercial itself was cheaply produced and directed watchers to log on to the Go Daddy website where they could watch the commercial that didn’t make it to air time. This truly innovative marketing approach was so successful that it contributed to the down time of Internet services during the Super Bowl as consumers rushed to the website to view the commercial.

Accounting Earnings and Cash Flows

Longreach Ltd has adopted the international accounting standard and the objective of the standard in relation to the impairment of assets is prescribing the procedures to ensure that the assets are carried at not more than recoverable amount. Since the assets are described as impaired under this standard, it is required by the entity to recognize the loss arising from impairment. There are several types of assets included in the entity in both the profit and non-profit organization. Such assets are segmented into various section and those employed for carrying out the current operation are deemed as the current assets (Bevis 2013). Fixed assets on the other hand serves the entity for longer period. An entity may comprised of several intellectual assets other than current and fixed assets such as trademark, copyright assets and many more. It also comprised of assets emerged from the acquisition or due to the growing popularity among consumers are also included along with the goodwill and brand. The organization can increase its revenue by directly employing such assets. There are also intangible assets, which are not physical and cannot be measured in units. In the books of account, such assets are maintained at the amount purchased (Briloff 2013). There is a significant decline in the real value of the assets with the time. The company at the real time value applies impairment and the decreased amount is adjusted in the impairment account. Decline in the value of asset leads to loss, which is viewed as loss due to impairment. There are certain common factors applicable to the numerous assets and several factors influences the asset value. Value of machinery, equipment and several tools is based on the manufacturing capability and usage. It is viewed that the upcoming g production capability of these assets might decrease due to their increased usage in the production (Dechow 2012). The older equipment and machineries decreases in the value and eventually it becomes obsolete because of the emergence of modern machineries and equipment. The value of land gradually increase due to various factors such as over population, new cities emergence and transformation of the locality. Due to the alterations in the choice of consumers and modern technology emergence, the trademark along with the patent right tends to fall in value. Goodwill is falsified in the event of acquiring any acquisition and it serves as an additional value (Gray et al. 2013). The goodwill imbibed in purchasing the assets falls significantly when there is the reduction in the value of the assets. There is need to the financial report as per the requirement of the stakeholders because the stakeholders have different interest over the organization. Government and the accounting standards signifies huge importance in the interest of shareholders. It is desired by the stakeholders that financial reports must represent the true and fair value of the asset and liabilities of the listed companies. Due to the emergence of the modern machineries at the lower price, the market value of the machineries has turned out to be half of the real value cost. There can be the case when the organization has acquired the machinery before five years. If the cost price of certain machinery is presented in the financial report, it would indicate that the asset are overvalued. This would not represents the true and fair value of the assets. Valuing the assets of the organization are considered an efficient investment option by the shareholders (Maas et al. 2016). Shareholders of the company may take faulty investment decision if the shareholders rely their investment decisions on the overvalued financial statements, if the organization does not represents the fair and true value of the assets. The accounting board for gaining the shareholders interest has introduced the impairment concept. Introduction of the government policies and the accounting standards outlines the instruction for the impairment of the assets along with the general financial statements. When the carrying amount of the assets exceed the recoverable amount, it is required to carry out the test of impairment at that time. In the books of accounts of the assets, the carrying amount is recorded. The purchasing cost of the assets represents such amount and it is depreciated in relation to the appropriate technique of depreciation (Huian 2013). The asset fair value can be selected as the amount recovered after all the anticipated expenses of the assets are reduced by the organization. Asset value can be regarded as another recoverable amount. The net cash flow of the entity anticipated to be collected from the assets is referred to as the value. The higher value among the two can be chosen in accordance with the IAS 36. If we consider IAS 36, the loss arising from the impairment is measured by reducing the recoverable amount of assets from their carrying amount (Aasb.gov.au 2017). Since the book value of the asset is reduced, the impairment loss attributed to the respective assets are debited. In addition to this, the maintenance of the accounting amount of the assets has decreased the value. Such impairment loss is adjusted in the income statement in the year-end along with the profit and loss account. The loss is representing as the non-operating loss in the income statement. The overall value of the shareholder is decrea sed if the impairment loss is credited in the revaluation surplus account. In case of the assets that are generally considered as the Cash Generating Units that encompasses the goodwill, which has resulted from the acquisition of the assets. The impairment loss is not adjusted accordingly in this case. The impairment loss can be calculated as per the aforementioned method if the overall value of the cash-generating unit requires being impaired. Moreover, the loss is adjusted with the Goodwill account. In the event of making adjustment with the goodwill, certain amount is left, and then the remaining amount is aligned with the CGU assets (Rappaport 2012). This is relied on the book value of the assets. Aasb.gov.au. (2017). Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB136_07-04_COMPapr07_07-07.pdf [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Bevis, H.W., 2013.  Corporate Financial Accounting in a Competitive Economy (RLE Accounting). Routledge. Briloff, A.J., 2013.  The truth about corporate accounting. Harpercollins. Dechow, P.M., 2012. Accounting earnings and cash flows as measures of firm performance: The role of accounting accruals.  Journal of accounting and economics,  18(1), pp.3-42. Gray, R., Owen, D. and Adams, C., 2013.  Accounting & accountability: changes and challenges in corporate social and environmental reporting. Prentice Hall. Huian, M., 2013. Stakeholder’s participation in the development of the new accounting rules regarding the impairment of financial assets.  Business Management Dynamics,  2(9), pp.23-35. Maas, K., Schaltegger, S. and Crutzen, N., 2016. Integrating corporate sustainability assessment, management accounting, control, and reporting.  Journal of Cleaner Production. Paton, W.A. and Littleton, A.C., 2012.  An introduction to corporate accounting standards  (No. 3). American Accounting Association. Rappaport, A., 2012. Establishing objectives for published corporate accounting reports.  The Accounting Review,  39(4), pp.951-962. Rennekamp, K., Rupar, K.K. and Seybert, N., 2014. Impaired judgment: The effects of asset impairment reversibility and cognitive dissonance on future investment.  The Accounting Review,  90(2), pp.739-759.

Math in Biotechnology field Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Math in Biotechnology field - Assignment Example 3- You are setting up a PCR reaction and the protocol asks you to add 0.9ng of DNA to the reaction. You have a sample of DNA which is 3mg/ml. Describe your approach to adding the same volume in parts per million to the reaction? Be specific, describe your dilutions, how much you will pipette, etc? 4- You are setting up a PCR reaction and the protocol asks you to add 3.0ng of DNA to the reaction. You have a sample of DNA which is 8mg/ml. Describe your approach to adding the same volume in parts per million to the reaction? Be specific, describe your dilutions, how much you will pipette, etc? 5- You are setting up a PCR reaction and the protocol asks you to add 0.6ng of DNA to the reaction. You have a sample of DNA which is 6mg/ml. Describe your approach to adding the same volume in parts per million to the reaction? Be specific, describe your dilutions, how much you will pipette,

COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS - Essay Example This is complemented by the low salaries in the country which would be effective in saving cost of the firm. An overview of the situation has been provided with regard to the culture barriers and differences between the two countries using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. This is important to know the behaviour of people in the country where the company wants to operate. Based on the cultural differences, suitable recommendations have been provided to remove or utilise the differences. Lastly, the future of India’s outsourcing industry has been analysed and presented. Terms of Reference The project discusses about an outsourcing firm based in India. It is an IT company operating from USA. The company is named as ABC IT Solutions. The company has entered into partnerships with the local firms in India to take up their outsourced activities. The company has partnered with the outsourcing firm to take assignments on the IT enabled services. The firm has also taken up the bu siness process outsourcing activities of the company. The IT services that have been outsourced by the company are data mining, data warehousing, IT consulting, e-Commerce, and software development. The business process outsourcing includes such crucial activities like Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Enterprise Resource Management (ERP). The main purpose of outsourcing the above activities is to save cost of the company. Since India’s labour cost is lower than that in USA, the company has set up its outsourcing operations in the country. The BPO market in India has been expanding at a fast rate. It is estimated that the BPO market in India would grow by 19% in 2013. The sector has become extremely organised and has become the focus of a number of multinational companies (India Current Affairs, 2010). Overview of the Situation It is critical that a globally integrated organisation shapes its management, operations and strategies in a g lobal way. This company has been facing crisis implementing its strategies in the BPO on India. Firstly, the managers are confronted with the problem of coordinating resources like material, human and finance in meeting its business objectives successfully (Wursten, 2008, p.1). They are also faced with the problem of combining the culture differences prevailing between the two countries. The effective means of combination in USA may not necessarily be effective in India. The culture clash may take place between the client and the service provider at two levels; the corporate culture and the national/regional culture. With regards to the corporate culture, the speed with which a service is provided, or the norms followed with regard to decision making, style or organisational structure may be different between the client and the service provider (McCray, 2008, p.6). Another potential cause of clash could arise out of the fact that the process of outsourcing represents commercial rela tionships between two completely different entities. Organisations could take inflexible and extreme positions which could create a sense of distrust or tension between the two (McCray, 2008, p.6). Among the national or regional inhibitors, there could be language barriers which could create communication problems. Also the expectations regarding open debates, acknowledgement of problems or willingness to adopt different work techniques to